Non-Employment Conflict Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Non-Employment Conflict Management - Essay Example Developing a dam involves the primer flooding for the arrangement of the store and extra structures for example: conduits check dams and spillway, in the closeness of the first dam (Bartle, 2004). These developments adversely impact the hydrology of the streams and the development example of fish by creating obstructions to their typical development. This prompts decrease in biodiversity and supplies of the fish populace because of the change of downstream and upstream of the oceanic condition. It additionally influences the fish species and a raise in the catch attempt because of enormous regions of dry periodical untamed water. What's more, the structure of the dam may cause the fold of fisheries inferable from the loss of the floodplain residence (Guariso and Werthner, 1989).Secondly, working of dams influences the vocation of the networks found in the territory where they are being developed. The greater part of the indigenous communities’ work on cultivating and flooding lessen the land under farming. It likewise prompts the loss of wood assembling and angling as a wellspring of business. Also, it intensifies pressure on public assets shared by pastoralists and ranchers. For pastoralists, it prompts decrease in riverbank field while for fish ranchers and anglers; it prompts decrease in fish stocks and fisheries. This causes the decrease in the monetary incentive in the wetland that is higher contrasted with after the dam is placed in place.Thirdly, there is loss of normal assets present in the biological system.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Renewable Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Preferences And Disadvantages Of Renewable Energy Environmental Sciences Essay This work will speak to assessments and contemplations of various researchers, sociologists and legislative issues identified with the most talking about theme now days, sustainable wellsprings of vitality. Gives up back in time hundred thousand years prior when our yet not created progenitors saw that fire can be utilized in numerous reasons. It was the primary vitality source. Petroleum derivatives are the principle illustrative of non-sustainable power source gathering and wind, water, sun oriented force is inexhaustible gathering, since they are boundless and can be effectively reused. Significant worry on the planet is that non-renewable energy source utilization produce drastically enormous discharge. Leader of the United States guaranteed in his discourse to United Nations that Were contributing billions to catch carbon contamination with the goal that we can tidy up our coal plants(President Obama, 2010). Numerous discussions have happened since individuals begun to consider future and became undermined that petroleum derivatives can simply leave stock one day, increasingly over such things as wind miles, sun based force boards were spoken to the world, so the arrangement is as of now exist for issue of contamination and wrecking condition because of the mind boggling mechanical utilization of vitality. Anyway prudent inquiry has emerged. This sort of innovations is pricey now, yet on other hand the cost on them could never be decreased without utilizing it. At present days it is conceivable to perceive how this use of these advances began to quicken. Numerous individuals and various organizations began to apply efficient power vitality innovations throughout their life. For instance here in Dubai 80% of the water warmed ether by common daylight, warming the tank on the rooftop or again by the intensity of daylight however now, reused in to the unadulterated electric vitality utilizing sunlight based force boards introduced on the highest point of the r ooftop. Outcome of this is outflow made to the air is diminished, what's more once this board is introduced organization or individual can set aside cash since it has its own asset of heated water. Anyway there is a terrible side of any great. Wind mile is reliant on wind and sun oriented force is subject to sun. However it is decidable inquiry which can undoubtedly be illuminated by amassing vitality in battery packs if there should be an occurrence of crisis, or moving vitality from bright and blustery locales to other people. How pitiful leader of Russia Medvedev: the earth and the economy don't repudiate one another. An appropriately working economy is an earth benevolent economy. (President Medvedev, 2010) WIND POWER The most significant trademark that decides the vitality estimation of wind it is speed. Because of various meteorological elements (unsettling influence of the air, changes in sunlight based action, the measure of warmth vitality arriving at the Earth, and different causes) and furthermore because of the impact of alleviation conditions constant term of the breeze in the zone, its speed and bearing fluctuate arbitrarily. In this manner, the force that can deliver wind-setting at various occasions, one can foresee with a low likelihood. Simultaneously, the absolute creation of the unit, particularly over an extensive stretch of time can be determined with high precision, since the normal breeze speed and recurrence of the speed conveyance inside a year or season change pretty much nothing. Wind stream, just as any moving body, has the vitality of movement, or the hold of dynamic vitality. The last with wind turbine or other working body is changed into mechanical vitality. Contingent upon the motivation behind wind turbine mechanical vitality by methods for actuators (generators, blowers, electrolytic, and so on.) can be changed over into power, heat or mechanical vitality, just as the vitality of packed air. The guideline of wind power is basic: the breeze turns the cutting edges of a windmill, driving the pole generator. The generator thusly creates electrical vitality. Things being what they are, wind power work, how toy vehicles on batteries, just the standard of their activity is inverse. Rather than changing over electrical vitality into mechanical vitality, wind vitality is changed over into electrical flow. Sun based POWER Sun based vitality the utilization of daylight to create vitality in any structure. Sunlight based force utilizes a sustainable wellspring of vitality and the possibility to turn out to be earth cordial that isn't creating dangerous waste. The upsides of utilizing sunlight based vitality: 1) Accessibility and boundless source (the sun). 2) Theoretically, the total security to the earth (however at present underway of sun oriented cells and in themselves unsafe substances are utilized). Presently sunlight based vitality is generally utilized in situations where the unavailability of other vitality sources joined with a plenitude of sun powered radiation legitimizes its expense. Sun. Wellspring of life and hard executioner, allowing to be conceived and grow up each living being on Earth for a few billion years. Truly about innovation restraining of daylight individuals started to think just in the only remaining century. Presently, sun based force plants are assembled fundamentally of two sorts: Solar force tower and sun powered force circulated (secluded) type. In the sun powered force tower focal collector utilized with a field of heliostats, gives a level of fixation in two or three thousand. Framework for following the sun is significantly more confused since it requires pivot around two tomahawks. The framework is constrained by the PC. As a working body in the warmth motor is ordinarily utilized steam temperatures up to 550  ° C, air and different gases up to 1000  ° C, low-bubbling natural fluids (counting freon) up to 100  ° C, fluid metal coolant up to 800  ° C. Weaknesses OF RENEWABLE ENERGY Sun based force: Because of the generally little greatness of sun based steady for sun powered vitality requires the utilization of huge territories of land for power plants (for instance, 1-GW power plants it could be a few many square kilometers). Be that as it may, this disadvantage isn't so extraordinary (for instance, hydropower yield from the utilization of a lot bigger tracts of land). Likewise, photovoltaic cells on the huge sun based force plants introduced at a tallness of 1,8-2,5 m, which permits the utilization of land for power plants for farming purposes, for example, for brushing. The issue of discovering enormous regions of land for sun based force is illuminated on account of the sun based inflatable stations, appropriate for both earthly and oceanic and for tall building home. The progression of sun based vitality on Earths surface is emphatically subject to scope and atmosphere. In different spots the normal number of radiant days out of every year can fluctuate significantly. Specialized issues: 1) Solar force doesn't work around evening time and not adequately work toward the beginning of the day and night sundown. The pinnacle power utilization falls on the night. Moreover, power plants can drastically and out of the blue vary on account of evolving climate. 2) The significant expense of sunlight based cells. Likely with the advancement of innovation will defeat this deficiency. In 1990-2005 costs for sunlight based cells diminished on normal by 4% per year. 3) Lack of proficiency of sunlight based cells. 4) The outside of the realistic boards ought to be cleaned from dust and different contaminants. With their territory of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã£ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹several square kilometers of it can cause troubles. 5) The effectiveness of photovoltaic cells diminishes essentially when warmed, so there is a need to introduce cooling frameworks, normally water. 6) After 30 years of activity, the productivity of photovoltaic cells starts to decrease. Wind power: Wind vitality plants produce two kinds of clamor: Mechanical clamor commotion from the activity of mechanical and electrical parts (for present day wind power is basically missing, however is noteworthy in the more seasoned models of wind turbines) Streamlined clamor the commotion from the association of wind stream with the cutting edges introduced (enhanced during the section of sharp edges past the pinnacle of wind turbines) In the region of wind turbines in the pivot of wind turbine clamor level are adequately huge breeze turbines can surpass 100 dB. A case of such structure blunders is a breeze turbine Grovian. In light of the high clamor level setting worked around 100 hours and was destroyed. Laws embraced in the UK, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark, confine the clamor level of running breeze power plant of up to 45 dB in daytime and 35 dB around evening time. Least good ways from establishment to homes 300 m. Low recurrence vibrations transmitted through the dirt, causing critical jitter windows in homes a ways off of 60 m from the megawatt-class wind turbines. Populace of bats living close to the breeze ranch on the request for greatness more powerless than the number of inhabitants in fowls. Close to the parts of the bargains, a locale of decreased weight, and a well evolved creature which has into it, gets barotraumas. Over 90% of the bats found close to wind turbines discover indications of inside draining. As per the clarification of researchers, the fowls have an alternate structure of the lungs, and along these lines increasingly impervious to abrupt changes in pressure and experience the ill effects of an immediate crash with the cutting edges of wind turbines. Rather than regular warm force plants, wind ranches don't utilize water that can essentially decrease pressure on water assets. Metallic structures wind turbines, particularly things in the flaps, can make critical obstruction radio gathering. The bigger the breeze turbine, the more clamor it can make. Now and again, to take care of the issue need to introduce extra repeaters. End Irrefutable job of vitality in keeping up and further follows the advancement of human progress. In current society it is hard to track down at any rate one zone of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã£ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹human action grouping, which isn't required to straightforwardly or in a roundabout way tively more vitality than it can give a human muscles. During the presence of our human progress commonly a difference in customary vitality hotspots for new, progressively modern. What's more, not on the grounds that the old source was depleted. The sun shone and warmed man consistently: but then once individuals have subdued the fire started to pod

Write an Essay Deseribing Morning - Free Essay Example

Vietnamese Women have long been seen as the good and responsible housewives. Nowadays, Vietnamese women are known as successful women who not only in their family but also in society. They have a very busy life in a society that is developing now. Imagined how busy they are to start a new dayLi. What do they do in the morning? Let see! There are some suggestion that no one likes to do housework. There are always other, more important chores to be done, a great movie on T. V. theyve only seen twice, a book youve been meaning to read (the list goes on). But when it needs to get done and they cant get around it, theyll want it to be quick and easy. Here are some little tasks they do every day. Works of women who married are more busy than single women. They have to wake up very early in the morning to prepare breakfast for their family husbands and children. Then, they get their little children up, dressed, fed, teeth brushed and out the door to school. Before they leave the house t hey also have to take care of the house, such as make their beds nice and clean. They also clean the kitchen and bathroom from the morning rush. They hate coming home to a dirty house. They also obviously have to get themselves ready for the day as well. Mornings are definitely challenging! After they had driven their children to school, they went to work. In their company, they are dynamic and confident. They can do everything that the men can do. They can get in high position, earn a lot of money. They are really talented. Some housewife are just stay at home and do the housework. They don’t go to work.. They also get up early every morning to do housework. They bring laundry as soon as they are up and put in washing machine, then turn it on. If they have no washing machine, they must wash clothes by hand. Then they do breakfast for their husbands and children. Make sure kids are dressed, do hair,†¦ After all person had left the house, they start cleaning the hou se and tidy up. And go to market to get food for the day. Some women just go market once time a week but they buy many things that enough for that week†¦ Their work are the same everyday. That so boring if they don’t have anything unusal to do in a day. But they all do very good. I am so pround of Vietnamses women. I’m now a Vietnamese model girl and I hope I can do as good as they do. That is morning in the life of a housewife in my country.

Assess the View That Religious Beliefs and Practices Are...

Assess the view that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice. Current religious beliefs and practices are very different in Britain from 100 years ago. No longer do the masses attend the established church, attendance is down to 6% of the population and the 2001 Census identified 170 distinct religions in Britain. 72% claim to be Christian but less than half of the population believe in God and only 18% claim to be a practicing member of an organised religion. Clearly today’s patterns are very different from those of the past. How then to explain them? There are two fields of thought here. Secularists take the simple opinion: lack of attendance and reduction of belief means a†¦show more content†¦Lyon, a postmodernist, supports the idea that traditional religion is giving way to a variety of new religious beliefs and practices because we are living in a postmodern society. In this society globalisation, the increased importance of the media and communications and the growth of consumerism all create a new era of diversity and choice in all aspects of life. Lyon demonstrates how these have affected religion. We are now exposed to a wider range of religious ideas than ever before and these have become ‘disembedded’ from their original local contexts so we can now adapt ideas and beliefs to suit our own purposes. Much new religious belief is simply a watered down version of Eastern religions, adapted to sui t Western tastes. Practice of worship is also different because it is no longer necessary to attend a local church. Instead the ‘electronic church’ on the internet and televangelism allow us to stay at home. However, if it is difficult to get convincing statistics of how many people attend church and what effect this has on them, it is even more difficult to research the numbers involved in and the influence of this new form of worship. The very diversity of religions on offer forces a change in religious belief. People become sceptical that any one religion can offerShow MoreRelatedAre Religious Beliefs and Practices Changing to Reflect a New Era of Diversity and Choice?1734 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Assess the view that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice. In the recent years there has been evidence to support that religious activity and religious beliefs are declining in the UK e.g. the rise of new religious movements such as Jehovah’s witnesses (sect), but some sociologists reject this and say that religion isn’t declining it is just changing to fit into a more increasingly changing society. Davie is one of these sociologists; inRead MoreCultural Anthropology6441 Words   |  26 Pagesand beliefs related to art, leisure, and play. - linked to other cultural domains such as: Exchange: pot latching art and dance, Bodily modification. 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As other liberal countries such as United States influence our country, Philippines the current marriage norms changes from the traditional ways of the society particularly the beliefs of the youths. In this studyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesreadership. 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A recent national initiative has been the creation of FOCUS schools. These specialise

Essay about Christopher Columbus Hero or Villain

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout all of our years that we are taught about world history, we are led to believe that Columbus was one of the greatest explorers of all time. In my mind there is no question about whether Christopher Columbus discovered America; of course he did, its Columbus! However, this is a highly debated issue and through writings by authors Jeffery Hart and James W. Loewen we will investigate the true importance of Columbus. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the essay written by Jeffrey Hart entitled, â€Å"Discovering Columbus†, he argues strongly that, in fact, Columbus did discover America. He starts off by describing Columbus as â€Å"a genuine titan, a hero of history and of the human spirit.† He goes on to say†¦show more content†¦He was the one who started the westward movement and describes the â€Å"garbage can philosophers† that put him down as â€Å"sour enemies of human aspiration.† â€Å"To denigrate Columbus is to denigrate what is worthy in human history and in us all†. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Conversely, James W. Loewen, who did extensive research of high school history lessons to write his book Lies my Teacher Told Me, feels Columbus wasn’t really as great as he is made out to be. Loewen writes, â€Å"The history books make up all kinds of details to tell a better story and to humanize Columbus so that readers will identify with him† (38). Just as Hart pushes the idea that Columbus made a great new discovery finding the Americas, Loewen argues that â€Å"Columbus’s voyage was not the first, but the last discovery† (39). His importance has to do with the changes that were made in Europe and not having â€Å"discovered new land†. People from other continents had gone to America long before 1492. â€Å"Daring sailors reached America in a series of voyages across the North Atlantic, establishing communities on the Faeroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland. The Norse colony on Greenland lasted five hundred years (982-c .1500)†. Loewen further goes on to argue against Hart on the issue of the Turks and their supposed land route control and describes the claims as a â€Å"falsehood†. Loewen also points out the several times Christianity is used as an excuseShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus : Hero Or Villain?884 Words   |  4 PagesRian White Crawford 3rd Christopher Columbus: Hero or Villain? In elementary school students are taught that Christopher Columbus is some godly hero who discovered that the earth was round and a shorter route to â€Å"Asia†. They even have a day dedicated to him. Typically, children are gullible and just believe what they are taught, rather than actually researching and learning the history on their own. As a child one’s brain is not developed enough to possess a sense of moral discernment. Also, childrenRead MoreChristopher Columbus Hero Or Villain1658 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Columbus is an internationally celebrated explorer, due to his voyages to Central America during the Age of Discovery, a period between 15th and 16th centuries where explorers would be supported by countries to claim land. Columbus was an Italian explorer, on a conquest for gold and riches, who was sponsored by the monarchs of Spain, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, to travel to Southern Asia. Columbus proposed the idea of traveling from East to West, rather than travelingRead MoreChristopher Columbus: Villain or Hero? Essay458 Words   |  2 PagesIn 1492, Christopher Columbus unintentionally discovered America, when he landed in the Caribbean Islands, while looking for a direct sea route to Asia. Despite the fact that Columbus believed he had found a direct sea route to India, he has been called the discoverer of America and hailed as a hero. More recently, however, he has been called a villain, with accusations saying that not only did he not discover America, but also that he was the cause of slavery and oppression in the Americas. TheseRead MoreResearch Paper - Is Christopher Columbus a Hero or Villain2022 Words   |  9 PagesChristopher Columbus found a new world and jumpstarted an age of exploration like no other. After he found the Americas there was massive colonization, giant trade increases and more resources such as gold and silver were being surfaced. Europeans learned new agricultural technique s from the indigenous people, the Europeans also acquired a large number of new crops to farm such as potatoes, tomatoes, corn and cocoa. With all of the pros that the age of exploration brought to Europeans it is hardRead MoreEssay on Christopher Columbus: Villain or Hero?1521 Words   |  7 Pagesmore than five centuries Americans have lifted Christopher Columbus to heights of greatness and god-like. We celebrate his life as though he was a man that had done us a great favor. In resent years Christopher Columbus has come under scrutiny, his life and works being questioned more than celebrated. There have be many great men and women that contributed to the building of our great nation but they do not receive anywhere as much recognition as Columbus. When a person begins to study the actual accountsRead MoreChristopher Columbus: Hero or Villain? Essay1788 Words   |  8 Pages School taught us about the infamous Christopher Columbus who was known as the hero who found the Amer icas in 1492, but is that the truth? Is Columbus really the hero that grade school portrayed him to be? Columbus was not. Columbus was a greedy man who destroyed an entire race of people with genocide just so only he could benefit and become a man of money and power. Columbus was a very good speaker and very persuasive. He convinced the King and Queen of Spain to fund his expedition to â€Å"Asia†Read MoreChristopher Columbus was not the First to Discover America Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesPeople argue that Christopher Columbus was the first to find America, but other people argue that the Native Americans were the first ones in America. In 1492 Christopher Columbus voyages from spain to the Americas not knowing what was there. So was Christopher Columbus the first one to find out about America? Would he be a hero or a villain for saying he did, or saying he did but actually didn’t and just wants to get the credit for it. Why people believed that he would be a hero is because, theyRead MoreThe Difference between Myth and Reality about Christopher Columbus606 Words   |  3 Pages Christopher Columbus is a name known to nearly every American that has ever had an elementary education. He is imagined as the brave explorer that against all odds prevailed in his belief of a round earth. Credited with the discovery of America, Columbus has a holiday and even the Nation’s capitol and a powerful Catholic service organization are named after him. What isn’t as well known is the dark side of his arrival to the New World. Though he did make the first steps in founding modern AmericaRead MoreAnother Side of Christopher Columbus Essay755 Words   |  4 Pagesmainland-America. These people could rightly be called Native Americans/Indians. However primitive these people were, they were very organized. In a much busier world (Spain), lived a very adventurous, religious, and loyal man named Christopher Columbus. Born in Genoa, Italy, Christopher Columbus was the son of a very skilled weaver. He was an expert sailor, thus earning the title of â€Å"Admiral of the Ocean Sea† for himself after his successful expeditions. He had a favorite ship, Santa Maria although he had twoRead MoreChristopher Columbus As A Hero1211 Words   |  5 Pagescelebrate Columbus Day; whether Christopher Columbus, the man with a holiday named after him, the man who â€Å"discovered† America, was really hero. There are people who claim that Columbus was, in fact, someone to be celebrated. This is false. Christopher Columbus was, most blatantly put, a villain. He deserves this status because he did not discover the land now known as America, he forced his beliefs onto others, and he utterly destroyed the lives of unknowing, innocent people. Christopher Columbus is mainly

Healthcare And Coranare Heart Disease Essay Research free essay sample

Healthcare And Coranare Heart Disease Essay, Research Paper Coronary Heart disease is a disease where the coronary arterias that supply blood to the bosom become blocked. The obstruction is in the signifier of a blood coagulum that can barricade a per centum of all five arterias. Cholesterol deposits cause this obstruction. This fact has allowed physicians to find that diet has a important function in who develops this disease. People # 8217 ; s diets are affected by their economic category and by other societal factors. The hapless of our state by and large eat repasts that contain high fat and cholesterin. Their diet puts them at higher hazard. However, the hazard is non significantly higher because of the high sum of fleshy people in America, which span all economic groups. Exercise is another of import factor. The more exercising people get the lower the hazard of bosom disease. Part of the ground for this is the fact that people that exercise tend to hold more healthy life styles, which include lower degrees of intoxicant usage and lower fat diets. My stepfather had coronary bosom disease. He talked about it freely before he passed off. Over the class of 10 old ages he had two ternary beltway surgeries. He believed he contracted the disease due to hapless diet, smoke and a household history of the disease. Throughout the full clip his mentality remained really positive. There were several dramatic alterations that the disease caused. He quit smoke after the first bosom onslaught. On the first twelvemonth after surgery many things went on like they had before the surgery. Family activities didn t alteration much. The lone noticeable difference was the fact that he quit smoke. Each twelvemonth, 900,000 people in the United States have a bosom onslaught. Of these, approximately 225,000 dices, including 125,000 who die before of all time acquiring any medical attending. But progresss in intervention have meant that even more victims can last and travel on to populate normal, healthy lives ( www.intellihealth.com ) Even with these new interventions the disease is a slayer. Doctors have found ways to widen the life of people with the disease, but they have non found a manner to wholly bring around the disease. Once people contract Coronary Heart disease they finally die from holding it. When looked at across the population, Heart disease is perchance the most expensive disease. The AHA estimates the cost of cardiovascular diseases and shot in 1999 at $ 286.5 billion. This figure includes direct costs, which include the cost of doctors and other professionals, infirmary and nursing place services, the cost of medicines, place wellness and other medical durable goodss and lost productiveness ensuing from morbidity and mortality ( indirect costs ) . ( www.americanheart.org ) This immense cost is big fiscal load. A per centum of these costs could be avoided if Americans would take to populate more healthy life styles. Harmonizing to 1996 estimations 58,800,000 Americans has one or more signifiers of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . ( www.americanheart.org ) . This high figure of people with bosom disease is traveling to take to even higher cost in the hereafter. Furthermore, the ripening of the population is traveling to set a immense strain on the already overtaxed Med icare and Medicaid system. This disease is a slayer and there are a great figure of things that can be pointed to that cause it. Overall, we can better our odds of endurance by non smoking and populating healthy life styles. However, all of us will non be able to avoid the disease. The fact that so many people have the disease and the fact that so much money is spent on the disease has caused drug companies and private groups to do great promotions in the diagnosing and intervention of the disease. Coronary bosom disease has several degrees of badness. These changing degrees of badness have caused the development of several interventions for bosom disease. There are three chief types of intervention that go along with altering diet wonts and increased exercising. The three chief interventions are open-heart surgery, balloon angioplasty, and stinting, which can be subsequent to the angioplasty. Balloon angioplasty is the procedure of lapthroscopacly traveling into the venas and blow uping a little balloon to force open the obstructions. The usage of stentscan semen after this process. # 8221 ; Stents are scaffolding devices that maintain vessel patency after an interventional process, normally balloon angioplasty. Coronary stenting is now used in more than 50 % of patients undergoing nonsurgical myocardial revascularization. [ 1 ] It is considered a everyday adjunct to coronary angioplasty # 8221 ; ( Saunders ) . Doctors have several techniques that they use to find which process to utilize for intervention. One of the most common is the arteriogram. This process allows the physicians to find the degree of obstruction in the coronary arterias. Nurses besides perform some diagnostic processs. An echocardiogram is a procedure that images the bosom construction and the bloodflow through the valves. This process is an inevasive process that doesn t require any particular conditions. It is non possible to see the obstruction with this process ; nevertheless, it is possible to see the consequence of obstruction. Managed attention and other economic factors have caused patients to hold long holds in waiting for diagnostic trials to be run. One ground for this is that, Over the past two decennaries at that place has been an exponential addition in the usage of all cardiovascular diagnostic and curative processs, particularly coronary angiography. These trials represent a big cost to managed attention companies. Some believe that managed attention companies are more concerned with their net incomes. Net incomes are based on pricing, and pricing is in portion determined by benchmarks for certain processs. The undermentioned chart contains Benchmark monetary values, DRG Numberss, Average Length of Stay and cost information for several processs ( www.mecqa.com ) . Forte DRG Description ALOS Benchmark THORACIC Surgery 104 CARDIAC VALVE PROCEDURES W CARDIAC CATH 9.9 $ 29,857.84 THORACIC Surgery 105 CARDIAC VALVE PROCEDURES W/O CARDIAC CATH 7.9 $ 23,410.59 THORACIC Surgery 106 CORONARY BYPASS W CARDIAC CATH 9.10 $ 30,212.90 THORACIC Surgery 107 CORONARY BYPASS W/O CARDIAC CATH 9.50 $ 22,562.30 THORACIC Surgery 108 OTHER CARDIOTHORACIC PROCEDURES 8.60 $ 24,503.24 THORACIC Surgery 111 MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR PROCEDURES W/O CC 5.1 $ 9,101.59 THORACIC SURGERY 110 MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR PROCEDURES W CC 7.4 $ 17,015.00 Suppliers that are members in managed attention webs are held to the above monetary values. If the can execute the intervention for less than the benchmark they keep the difference as net income. If they are unable to supply the service for that monetary value, they must book a loss for that process. The monetary values are dictated by the webs non the infirmaries. So, in consequence, insurance companies determine what intervention we get. This job is of peculiar importance to the heart specialists, which are the primary doctors for bosom jobs. They have to give diagnostic trials and execute surgeries in conformity with insurance company s policies. In add-on the drugs they prescribe must be approved for payment. There are several drugs used in the intervention of bosom disease. Doctors prescribe Valium for relaxation, blood dilutants, and alkalizers, anti rejection drugs are used in some fortunes. All these drugs are used in add-on to any that are needed for station operative complications. All the processs and all of the interventions can assist us last a bosom onslaught. However, we must take personal duty for maintaining ourselves healthy. All bosom intervention plans recommend that tobacco users stop smoke. In add-on, they suggest that diet and exercising besides contribute to endurance of coronary bosom disease. It is widely accepted that a taking a healthy life style is good for us. These lifestyle picks can consequence how long we live, and if the right determinations are made we can widen our lives. It is known that smoke has a direct relationship to bosom disease. Some surveies indicate that smoking doubles person s opportunity of holding bosom disease. Exercise is a great manner to maintain a organic structure healthy. Exercise strengthens the bosom and allows it to work more easy. Exercise promotes the development of little blood vass in your bosom musculus, increasing blood flow to the musculus. It besides improves the strength ( AOL..HEART ) . A healthy diet is a really import emmet in maintaining a bosom healthy. Saturated fat and cholesterin can do obstruction in the arterias and lead to bosom disease. The phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables may assist your bosom, excessively. Recent epidemiological surveies suggest that a diet rich in fruits and veggies consequences in a lowered hazard of cardiovascular disease that can’t be attributed to major macronutrients or known vitamins and minerals ( www.mayohealth.org/index.html ) . Unfortunately, many Americans do non follow healthy life styles. Over 33 % of Americans are considered corpulent ( www.coloradohealthnet.org ) . This fleshiness leads to high cholesterin, increased blood force per unit area, and can even do diabetes. As a society is seems that Americans have decided to populate the manner they want and to hell with what is good for us. The American Heart Association provides adequate free information, which if used decently, could drastically cut down the sum of bosom disease in this state. They give dietetic recommendations and nutrition information on merely about every type of nutrient. They besides spend 10s of 1000s of dollars each twelvemonth seeking to assist people halt smoke. Presently, there are no speedy holes for bosom disease. The lone true hole is bar, and unluckily most people won t work that hard to forestall it. All it takes is taking to populate a healthy life style. Once that lifestyle becomes a portion of person s life it can take clasp. Once that lifestyle becomes rooted in the individual, they frequently wonder what all the dither was about when they were seeking to make up ones mind and alter. Once a lifestyle becomes accustomed, you don t feel as though it is a forfeit to eat healthy. You merely eat healthy and don T even feel like eating oily nutrients. The same goes with exercising. Once person takes the clip to acquire into an exercising regiment they seldomly give it up to travel back to being a couch murphy. In add-on to the private sector, the authorities besides offers a batch of services and resources for people willing to utilize them. They offer the Healthy Heart Book for Women to assist allow adult females cognize that they are non immune to bosom disease. They besides sponsor the National Heart Attack Alert Program. The National Heart Attack Alert Program ( NHAAP ) was launched in June 1991 and is the newest of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute # 8217 ; s ( NHLBI ) national instruction plans. The NHAAP has the overall ends of, foremost, cut downing morbidity and mortality from AMI through rapid designation and intervention and, 2nd, rising the potency for an improved quality of life for patients and household members ( www.nhlbi.nih.gov/index.htm ) . Part of the ground for the authorities s involvement in people wellness is because they pay the largest part of the national wellness measure. If the authorities can cut down bosom disease by 10 per centum they can salvag e one million millions. This fiscal motivation has generated a batch of valuable free information on bosom disease. You can happen everything from research at their web site to a formula for Chicken Ratatouille. When looking at how establishments operate, the service provided and costs for those services are at the top of the list. Many infirmaries are general infirmaries. These infirmaries must look at a really broad assortment of costs and payment methods. One method of payment that is going more popular is the DRG. The Social Security Amendments of 1983 eliminated the retrospective cost-plus fixed fee reimbursement for Medicare and Medicaid patients. Alternatively, a prospective payment system based on a fixed monetary value per diagnosis-related group ( DRG ) was established for inmate services. Basically, a infirmary was paid a pre-established monetary value for a patient # 8217 ; s hospitalization based on that patient # 8217 ; s diagnosing ( Heater ) . DRG s have changed how infirmaries do concern. These DRG s have forced infirmaries to find how much it will be for them to execute the processs. The infirmaries that do non be out processs have no information on which to establish pricing constructions. Furthermore, DRG s have spread from Medicare and Medicaid into the managed wellness industry. This rapid growing has forced even more infirmaries to standardise some interventions. This causes a batch of clash between the doctors and the managed wellness companies because the doctors do non like giving up control of their patient s intervention. Managed attention companies negotiate contracts with infirmaries for the monetary values of the DRG s. Once these monetary values are determined they are included in the contract. The infirmary is responsible for doing a net income at those monetary values. One infirmary was sued to let go of the monetary values it negotiated with a managed attention company. ( Tammelleom ) The infirmary was finally required to unwrap it monetary values. Employers # 8217 ; compulsion with cut downing wellness attention cost at the disbursal of medical quality has created a dysfunctional wellness attention market, a adviser warns ( Hofmann ) . This sentiment is what physicians play on when reasoning against managed attention and this is what patients scream when they feel that they need to pass more clip in the infirmary with a job. The existent job is that the medical system is so large that it is impossible to repair. At least it is impossible to repair in a manner that will do everyone happy. The mission stated on the home page of the Baptist Health System begins, The Baptist Health System is an establishment dedicated to the Christian mission of supplying quality wellness attention to all individuals seeking medical attention, hospitalization and other wellness related services ( www.baptisthealthsystem.org ) . This type of mission is the typical type of mission provided by most infirmaries. They don t seem to advert that they are in the concern of doing money. And they don t reference that we are going Numberss to them non patients. They are concerned with our satisfaction and with their mortality rates, but overall infirmaries are in concern to do money. Baptist infirmary in Nashville still chiefly operates under fee for service. Very few of the doctors in the infirmary are associated with HMO s. The infirmaries see that as being something that will inevitable alteration over clip. They are cognizant that the doctors are immune to the thought, nevertheless, with current industry tendencies they are cognizant that it is something that is on the skyline. Baptist Hospital is presently labeled as a non for net income entity. They are presently spread outing do to their high tenancy degree. They are involved in regular infirmary attention. They besides have walk in clinics and they besides go out to the populace and work in place wellness attention. Baptist is committed to preventative attention. They host free clinics and showings, in add-on, to categories and siminars. This intense educational attempt is nil less than a citywide run to recommend the bar of disease through healthy lifestyle wonts and the early sensing and intervention of unwellnesss. ( Internet ) They believe that preventive medical specialty is non merely cheaper but that it makes for better and happier patients. Overall, the medical system in America has a batch of jobs. However, I will accept those jobs, because I know that if something is incorrect with me I can travel hold it fixed. Peace of head carries a batch of weight when we consider what to make with this monster of a system we created. Some say shrink it and some say that we should make away with all insurance and that we should socialise medical specialty. While others believe that we should coerce everyone into an HMO. I do non feign to cognize the replies to these jobs. I do non believe that anyone has the right reply. Finally possibly we will hold a Utopian society that has no usage for hard currency, but right now we don t. And every bit long as there are different groups contending for net income there will be a great argument as to what to make with our medical system. Mentions Heater, Barbara The current health care environment: who is the client? Nursing Forum, July-Sep 1996 v31 n3 p16 ( 6 ) . Hofmann, Mark # 8216 ; Cost over quality # 8217 ; an expensive policy, Business Insurance, April 28, 1997 v31 n17 p49 ( 1 ) . Saunders, # 8220 ; The turning function of stents in coronary arteria disease. # 8221 ; , Patient Care, May 30, 1999 v33 i10 p43 Tammelleom, David, Public infirmary forced to unwrap pricing agreements with HMO. The Regan Report on Hospital Law, March 1997 v37 n10 p1 ( 1 ) . www.mecqa.com MECQA ( Medical Cost and Quality Assurance ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mayohealth.org/index.htm Mayo Clinic Health Oasis www.coloradohealthnet.org Colorado Health Net hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhlbi.nih.gov/index.htm National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute www.ama-assn.org/med-sci/amapsite/index.htm American Medical Accredation Plan www.baptisthealthsystem.org Baptist Health System

Investigatory projects free essay sample

Malunggay called â€Å"Malunggay† in the Philippines, â€Å"Sajina† in the Indian Subcontinent, and â€Å"Moringa† in English, it is a popular tree. It grows wildly in a hot tropical climate. Both the leaves and fruits are very nutritious, which contain many vitamins like Vitamin C and other minerals. Malunggay has been approved by the Bureau of Food and Drugs as an herbal plant known to treat certain blood – related diseases. It contains iron, an element that is responsible for carrying oxygen to other parts of the body. However, malunggay may not be available to everyone especially people in the city. To address this problem, researchers came up with the idea of making malunggay capsules for people who are always on the go and need all the energy they can get to survive in their fast – paced world. An affordable iron supplement that would surely help keep the body healthy, malunggay is approved by the Department of Health (DOH). We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory projects or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In fact, it is the first plant to be approved by the DOH to be healthy and good for the body. Malunggay was once considered the â€Å"poor man’s vegetable† but now it is known as a â€Å"miracle tree† or â€Å"nature’s medicine cabinet† by scientists and health care workers from around the world. This is because it is loaded with vitamins and minerals that can be an effective remedy against many kinds of ailments. More and more nutritional benefits have been discovered about malunggay as more and more studies are done about it. The leaves of this tree are noteworthy. Recent clinical studies reveal what most traditional medicine practitioners in many countries have been proclaiming – malunggay leaves can cure a wide variety of diseases. Nutritional lab analysis also shows that malunggay leaves are rich in protein and contain all of the essential amino acids. Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) is called a miracle vegetable because it is not only a food, it is also a medicine. It may therefore be a functional food. This plant tree is not only useful but it is the most nutritional vegetable and a herbal plant. Its flowers, leaves, young pods and roots are being utilized. It is native to India but has spread to other tropical regions; in the Philippines, it grows repidly and with ease in nearly every backyard when desired. Its leaves contain different amino acids such as sitosterol and pectinesterase. Malunggay also known as Horseradish â€Å"Malunggay† in Philippines, â€Å"Sajina† in the Indian Subcontinent, and â€Å"Moringa†in English, it is a popular tree. It grows very wildly in a hot tropical climate. Both the leaves and fuits are very nutritious, which may contain many vitamins like Vitamin C and other minerals. It contains the properties of galactagogue, rubefacient, antiscorcutic, diuretic, stimulant, purgative, antibiotic and antifugal. Malunggay is a good source of pesticide because it contain rubefacient. It is an active component of malunggay leaves. A substance for external application that produces a redness of the skin by causing dilation of capillaries and increase blood circulation. The leaves are highly nutritious, being a significant source of beta-carotene, Vitamin C, protein, iron and potassium. The leaves are cooked and used like spinach. In addition to being used fresh as a substitute for spinach, its leaves are commonly dried and crushed into a powder, and used in soups and sauces. Murungakai Tamil as it is locally known in Tamil Nadu is used in Siddha medicine. Its leaves are full of medicinal properties. The tree is a good source for calcium and phosphorus. In Siddha medicine, the drumstick seeds are used as a sexual virility drug for treating erectile dysfunction in men and also in women for prolonging sexual activity. In the Philippines, the leaves are widely eaten. Bunches of leaves are available in many markets, priced below many other leaf vegetables. The leaves are most often added to a broth to make a simple, and highly nutritious soup. The leaves are also sometimes used as a characteristic ingredient in tinola—a traditional chicken dish, composed of chicken in a broth, moringa leaves, and either green papaya or another secondary vegetable. II. Body I chose Malunggay because I believe that this is the easiest product to find and it is very common here in the Philippines. Anywhere in the Philippines, you can find this especially in the provinces except in the cities because this vegetable can only grow in an unpolluted area. I also chose this because this is one of my favourite vegetable and ingredient in the food because of its nutritious contents and this is easy to eat. In all of the investigatory projects that I’ve searched, there were positive results showing that the researchers obtain satisfactory results and the researchers found out that the Malunggay is really feasible in all of the testing that have done on it. That’s why it is called as â€Å"miracle tree† because of its extraordinary ability. III. Conclusion Based on the results, I therefore conclude that Malunggay really helped our society in providing a harmless product made of it because of its unique contents. Malunggay is really healthy, not only in our body, but also in our surroundings. Aside from being nutritious, I also conclude that it is cheaper and easy to use and to prepare. The Feasibility of Malunggay leaves (Moringa Oleifera) and Chili fruit ( Capsicum Frutescens) as Pesticide ABSTRACT: Pesticide making is popular nowadays and it is also very helpful in our world in the field of agriculture. Thus many people continue to experiment pesticides to produce better quality and quantity. Pesticide can be applied to the treatment of an organism, such as a crop or ornamental plant, against damage by other plants, insects, fungi, or animals. The researcher aims to produce pesticide out of malunggay leaves and chilli fruit which is known in our country. And is very useful to many people and also to have another alternatives of pesticide. The process in making pesticide was quite difficult and simple. First are you had to prepare all the materials needed . Second get the extract of the malunggay leaves and chilli fruit. Next , mix the the extract of the malunggay leaves and chilli fruit. After that store the solution in 5-7 days and aging process will then be continue. The data and observation gathered is clearly state that the malunggay leaves and chilli fruit as pesticide is easily be contaminated when aging and the researcher therefore conclude that the malunggay leaves and chili fruit is feasible in making pesticide. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Background of the Study: The Pesticide is a broad term that refers to any device, method, or chemicals that kill plants or animals that compete for humanity’s food supply or are otherwise undesirable. A pesticide chemical can rarely be used as originally manufactured. The pesticide must be diluted with water, oil, air or chemically inactive solids so that it can be handled by application equipment and spreas evenly over the area to be treated. It includes cockroach killer. Malunggay called â€Å"Malunggay† in the Phippines, â€Å"Sajina† in the Indian Subcontinent, and â€Å"Moringa† in English, it is a popular tree. It grows wildly in a hot tropical climate. Both the leaves and fruits are very nutritious, which contain many vitamins like Vitamin C and other minerals. Chili, the name, which is spelled differently in many regions chili, chile and chilli. The term chili in most of the world refers exclusively to the smaller hot types of capsicum. It is a hot pepper. Even though chilis maybe though as vegetable, their culinary usage is, a generally spice, the part of the plant that is usually harvested is the fruit. The researcher conducted the study to find out if the malunggay leaves and chilli fruit could be utilized as a pesticide. And determines the effect of malunggay leaves and chilli fruit to the cockroach. Statement of the Problem: This study lies to find out the feasibility of malunggay leaves and chilli fruit as pesticide. (cockroach killer). 1. Is there a difference on the effect of malunggay leaves and chilli fruit and the commercial pesticides in terms of: a. QUALITY b. ODOR c. EFFECTIVITY/EFFECT Hypothesis: NULL HYPOTHESIS There is no significant difference between the malunggay leaves and chilli fruit pesticide and the commercial pesticide. OPERATIONAL HYPOTHESIS There is significant difference between the malunggay leaves and chilli fruit pesticide to the commercial pesticide. Significance of the Study: Cockroaches are one of the pests in the country that carries bacteria to people. They give people diseases as well as it can harm and suffer from these diseases and causes death. So people must kill cockroach. On the other hand malunggay leaves and chilli fruit is also a good source of pesticide like capsaicin, rubefacient, sulphur-containing amino acids and others. Hot chillies makes effective the pesticide and it helps. Thus this study was conducted to utilize malunggay and chilli as necessary components to kill cockroach rather than just ignoring it. Scope and Limitation: The study was limited on what kind of pests will be used it is only the cockroach. It is also limited the expiration date of the malunggay leaves and chili fruit pesticide because it take days or weeks to produce a bad smell. Definition of Terms: CAPSAICIM- is an active component of chilli. It is an irritant for mammals including human, and producing a sensation of the pancreas of mice. RUBEFACIENT- is an active component of malunggay leaves. A substance for external application that produces a redness of the skin by causing dilation of capillaries and increase blood circulation. METHIONINE and CYSTINE- an amino acid. One of the sulphur – containing proteinogenic amino acids. PESTICIDE- chemicals that kill plants or animals. It must be diluted with water, oil, air or chemically inactive solids. COCKROACH KILLER- chemicals that can kill cockroaches. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY Materials Ingredients *10 stalks of malunggay leaves *20 pieces of chilli fruit *100 ml distilled water Method of Research and Procedure: Method of Research The method of research in this study was experimental method of research. The purpose was to study the relative effect of various set-ups: SET-UP A: The extract of the malunggay leaves SET-UP B: The extract of the chili fruit SET-UP C: The mixture of the extract of the malunggay leaves and the The extract of the chili fruit. Method of Collecting Data: The method of collecting data was a comparative survey. It was mainly concerned only on the effect of the cockroach between the malunggay leaves and chilli frit pesticide and the commercial pesticides. Researchers used the counting method. To count how many cockroaches eas unable to survive and die. Research Design: Common cockroaches are living outside or in sewers and come into houses. Cockroaches ar generally found first or either the attic or basements. Cockraoach carries a lot of bacteria that can give us diseases. Cockroach also distribute germs to entire of the house, especially into the kitchen. Cockroach is a pest that give people diseases. The Malunggay leaves and Chili fruit is an independent variable while the pesticide is the dependent variable. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This chapter shows the investigation of Malunggay leaves and Chili fruit as pesticide. The data was shown in tabular form. There are five tables that are shown. TRIAL 1 TABLE 1: Cockroach tested with Malunggay leaves Pesticide Number of times spray Number of Cockroaches Number of Cockroaches killed TIME KILLED 2 3 4 3 1 1 minute In the first table, Malunggay Pesticide was used by the researcher. There are two tables consisting of 3 cockroaches and a constant number time of spray. The cockroach didn’t die in the 2 times number of spray therefore it is less effective. TABLE 2: Cockroach tested with Chili fruit Pesticide Number of times spray Number of Cockroaches Number of Cockroaches killed TIME KILLED 2 3 1 24 seconds 4 3 2 40 seconds In the second table, the cockroach was tested with Chili fruit Pesticide. It is effective. TABLE 3: Cockroach tested with Malunggay leaves and Chili fruit Pesticide Number of times spray Number of Cockroaches Number of Cockroaches killed TIME KILLED 2 3 1 1 minute 4 3 3 40 seconds In the third table, the Malunggay leaves and Chili fruit Pesticide was used by the researcher. It is more effective than the second table and the first table. TABLE 4: Cockroach tested with Commercial Pesticide Number of times spray Number of Cockroaches Number of Cockroaches killed TIME KILLED 2 3 3 30 seconds 4 3 3 20 seconds In the fourth table, the Cockroach was tested with Commercial Pesticide. All the cockroaches died in just a couple of seconds. Comparison on the effect of Malunggay leaves and Chili Fruit Pesticide to the Commercial Pesticide. The effect of Malunggay leaves and Chili Fruit Pesticide to the Commercial Pesticide is that the malunggay leaves and chilli fruit is effective but the commercial pesticide is more effective. TRIAL 2 TABLE 1: Cockroach tested with Malunggay leaves Pesticide Number of times spray Number of Cockroaches Number of Cockroaches killed TIME KILLED 2 3 4 3 1 1 minute In the first table, Malunggay Pesticide was used by the researcher. There are two tables consisting of 3 cockroaches and a constant number time of spray. The cockroach didn’t die in the 2 times number of spray therefore it is less effective. TABLE 2: Cockroach tested with Chili fruit Pesticide Number of times spray Number of Cockroaches Number of Cockroaches killed TIME KILLED 2 3 1 30 seconds 4 3 1 25 seconds In the second table, the cockroach was tested with Chili fruit Pesticide. It shows the effectivity of the Chili Fruit. TABLE 3: Cockroach tested with Malunggay leaves and Chili fruit Pesticide Number of times spray Number of Cockroaches Number of Cockroaches killed TIME KILLED 2 3 2 40 seconds 4 3 1 1 minute In the third table, the Malunggay leaves and Chili fruit Pesticide was used by the researcher. It is effective if the two substances are mixed together. TABLE 4: Cockroach tested with Commercial Pesticide Number of times spray Number of Cockroaches Number of Cockroaches killed TIME KILLED 2 3 3 20 seconds 4 3 3 20 seconds In the fourth table, the Cockroach was tested with Commercial Pesticide. All the cockroaches died in just a couple of seconds. Comparison on the effect of Malunggay leaves and Chili Fruit Pesticide to the Commercial Pesticide The effect of Malunggay leaves and Chili Fruit Pesticide to the Commercial Pesticide is that the malunggay leaves and chilli fruit is effective but the commercial pesticide is more effective. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION CONCLUSION The researcher therefore conclude that the Malunggay leaves (Moringa Oleifera) and Chili fruit (Capsisum Frutescens) is feasible in making pesticide in this experimentation. RECOMMENDATION The researcher would like to recommend more study about the malunggay and chili as pesticide and accurate procedure and measures will be used. References http://www. malunggay. com http://www. answers. com/topic/pesticide hhtp://www. en. wikipedia. org/wiki/chilli/pepper http://stuartxchange. com/malunggay. html The Feasibility of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) as Cleaning Agent Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate malunggay leaves as cleaning agent. The malunggay leaves wre separated from the stalk, pounde using the mortar and pestle until the extract comes out. The pounded malunggay leaves wre mixed with baking soda and then water. The purpose of baking soda is to increase the effectivity of the product. The product was then placed in a container. Using the sponge, apply the mixture on stained areas (kitchen sink, refrigerator wall and tile wall). After applying the mixture on stained areas, rinse immediately. Observation was then done. Chapter 1: Introduction A. Background of the Study: Cleaning agent refers to all compositions intended to be used in connection with and for increasing the effectiveness of cleaning activities. Cleaning agent includes but is not limited to hard surface cleaning compositions (kitchen, bathroom, floor, general household glass cleaning compositions), detergents, dishwashing and food cleaning compositions, disinfectants and the like. The term cleaning as used herein refers to those activities which involve the removal of undesirable residues from surfaces and particularly includes activities such as chemical, mechanical and thermal cleaning activities as well as combinations thereof. Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) is called a miracle vegetable because it is not only a food, it is also a medicine. It may therefore be a functional food. This plant tree is not only useful but it is the most nutritional vegetable and a herbal plant. its flowers, leaves, young pods and roots are being utilized. It is native to India but has spread to other tropical regions; in the Philippines, it grows repidly and with ease in nearly every backyard when desired. Its leaves contain different amino acids such as sitosterol and pectinesterase. This study was conducted because the researcher wanted to know if the malunggay leaves can be an effective cleaning agent to household stains. Through this the researcher will determine the effect of malunggay leaves to common household stains. This is why the research study is conceived. B. Statement of the Problem: General Problem: This study is aimed to determine the effect of malunggay (Moringa oleifera) leaves on common household stains. Specifically it answers the following questions: 1. Can the malunggay leaves be an effective cleaning agent on common househod stains? 2. Is there any significant difference between the malunggay leaves and the commercial one? 3. Is the cleaning agent suitable in replacing the commercial one? C. Hypothesis: The malunggay leaves are effective as cleaning agent. D. Significance of the Study: This research study can contribute an idea to young minds in creating new alternative cleaning agents derived from any abundant plants. Research studies like this develops the value of resourcefulness and open-mindedness to young researchers and if landed to the right plant, this will serve as an everyday use to clean common household stains. E. Scope and Limitation: This research study entitled The Feasibiltity of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) Leaves as Cleaning Agent is limited only to the plant and part of the plant mentioned. This is only after the effects of pounded malunggay leaves on common household stains. Other related matter such as the longevity of the effects of malunggay leaves is no longer honored in this study. F. Definition of Terms: Cleaning Agent- is a substance, usually liquid, that are used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells and clutter in solid surfaces. Methodology A. Materials: 5 cups malunggay leaves mortar and pestle 5 tsp. water container 2 1/2 tsp. baking soda sponge B. Procedure: Pound the malunggay leaves using mortar and pestle to get the extractfrom it. Mix the pounded malunggay leaves with baking soda and then water. After mixing, place the mixture un a container. C. Testing: Using the sponge, apply the mixture on stained areas (kitchen sink, refrigerator wall and tile walls). After cleaning/applying the mixtures on stained areas, rinse immediately. Observation was then done. D. Observation: The areas (kitchen sink, refrigerator wall and tile walls) was then observed if the product was effective, if it can remove the stains in those areas. Summary: This research study conducted last October 2008 and fulfilled after January 2009. The first trial was obtained during the first week of october 2008 and the second trial revealed results on the latter part of January 2009. There were positive results showing that the researcher obtain satisfactory results and the researcher found out that the malunggay leaves wiht baking soda can help remove common household stains. Conclusions: 1. Malunggay leaves with baking sopda can remove stains on common household stains. 2. The commercial is still better than the product. 3. There is no significant difference between the product and the commercial one. Recommendation: The study resulted into a smooth yet unsatisfactory results. The researcher recommend further extended studies on improving or creating other plant alternatives. Furthermore, additional readings and more informations about the study is highly appreciated. THE FEASIBILITY OF CHILI, CALAMANSI AND MALUNGGAY AS AN EFFECTIVE COCKROACH KILLER ABSTRACT Cockroaches are the most common pest insects that we are facing off. These insects are the hardest insects on the planet to control because they have the capacity to stay alive for a month without the food. People continue to experiment pesticides to control these pests. This study seeks the possibility of using the extracts of Chili, Calamansi and Malunggay as an effective cockroach killer. The Chili, Calamansi and Malunggay extracts as cockroach killer can be possible by the active component that can be naturally found within the fruits. Chili have an active component called capsaicin which an irritant for mammals, including human, and produces a sensation of burning in any tissue with which it comes into contact. Calamansi have D-Limonene which have the capacity to melt the protective wax coating of an insect. Malunggay also have an active component called Rubefacient which is a substance for external application that produces a redness of the skin by causing dilation of capillaries and increase blood circulation. The process in making the insecticide was quite difficult. Prepare all the ingredients needed in this study. In extracting calamansi, squeezed the sliced calamansi fruit into a glass container and get the desired amount of the extracted calamansi. And also in extracting malunggay, do the same method but crushed the malunggay in the basin using wood first and then squeezed it until the measurement reached. Pound the chili in a glass container. Mix all the extracts, the pounded chili and the water into a glass container. Then, use strainer to remove the seeds and the small pieces in the mixed product. And pour the finished product into the sprayer. From the tests that the researcher conducted, it revealed that the chili, calamansi and malunggay as cockroach killer are very feasible and effective. INTRODUCTION Background of the Study: Cockroaches are insects of the order Blattaria or Blattodea, of which about 30 species out of 4,500 totals are associated with human habitats. About four species are well known as pests. Cockroaches are one of the oldest groups of insects, indicating how successful they have been related to dietthey are scavengers and will eat anything organic. They prefer food sources in adapting to changes in their environments. One reason for this success may be such as starches, sweets, grease and meat products, but other items may include cheese, beer, leather, glue, hair, and starch in book bindings, flakes of dried skin or decaying organic matter (plant or animal). Chili have an active component called capsaicin which an irritant for mammals, including human, and produces a sensation of burning in any tissue with which it comes into contact. Calamansi or Calamondin belongs to the fruit tree family Rutaceae. The fruit of the Calamansi is a small, round lime, a little bigger than size of a thumbnail, about 30 mm (an inch) in diameter. Similar to other citrus fruits, the calamansi is high in vitamin C, and the juice can be an excellent vitamin basis. The lively ingredient D-Limonene destroys the wax coating of the insects’ respiratory system. Malunggay, known scientifically as Moringa oleifera Lamk, is one of the worlds most useful plants. It is used as food, effective flocculants or water treatment, antibiotic, source of oil, and coagulant for turbid waters. It has an active component called Rubefacient. Rubefacient is a substance for external application that produces a redness of the skin by causing dilation of capillaries and increase blood circulation. Statement of Problem: The study seeks to answer the following questions: * Can Chili, Calamansi and Malunggay extract is an effective cockroach killer? * Is there any significant difference between the â€Å"Chili, Calamansi and Malunggay extract† and commercialized pesticide? Significance of the Study: With this study, many people will surely benefit from this project not only because it is cheaper than commercial but also is has lesser health risk. This study will help Filipinos to lessen their expenses with regards to chemical insecticide products. The materials needed in this study can be easily found within the kitchen or even in the surrounding. Scope and Limitations: This study focused only on developing the extracts for terminating cockroaches. This project also studies some extracts to enhance the effectiveness of the insecticide. Tests were conducted to prove the ability of this product if it is and effective cockroach killer. Methodology Materials: In performing this experiment, the researcher needed the following: * 50 ml of Calamansi extract * 30 pieces Of Chili * 40 ml of Malunggay extract * 100 ml of water Getting the extracts are possible by using the following materials: Small basin and Wood Knife Measuring cup Strainer Glass container General Procedures: The researcher prepared all the ingredients needed in this study so he can now begin the experiment. In extracting calamansi, the researcher squeezed the sliced calamansi fruit into a glass container and gets the desired amount of the extracted calamansi. And also in extracting malunggay, the researcher did the same method but he crushed the malunggay in the basin using wood first and then squeezed it until the measurement reached. The researcher pounded the chili in a glass container. The researcher mixes all the extracts, the pounded chili and the water into a glass container. Then, the researcher used strainer to remove the seeds and the small pieces in the mixed product. The researcher poured the finished product into the sprayer. Results and Discussion Findings: This shows the investigation of Chili, Calamansi and Malunggay as pesticide. The data was shown in tabular form. Table 1: Cockroach tested with Chili, Calamansi and Malunggay product. Number of times spray Number of cockroach Number of cockroach killed Time killed 5 1 1 50 seconds In the first table, the cockroach was sprayed 5 times of the Chili, Calamansi and Malunggay product. The cockroach died 50 seconds after the product sprayed. The product is effective. Table 2: Cockroach tested with Commercial Insecticide. Number of times spray Number of cockroach Number of cockroach killed Time killed 2 1 1 20 seconds In the second table, the cockroach was sprayed 2 times of the commercial insecticide. The cockroach died 20 seconds after it has sprayed. Analysis of Data: The Chili, Calamansi and Malunggay as cockroach killer is effective but the commercial insecticide is more effective. Conclusion: Therefore, the Chili, Calamansi and Malunggay as cockroach killer is effective and feasible in making insecticide. Recommendations: The researcher recommended another researcher to try applying the insecticide in different insects. Malunggay as Ointment ABSTRACT The Malunggay leaves are highly nutritious, being a significant source of Vitambeta-carotein C, protein, iron and potassium. The leaves are cooked and used like spinach. In addition to being used fresh as a substitute for spinach, its leaves are commonly dried and crushed into a powder, and used in soups and sauces. Ointment is one of the medicine that can cure wounds. The procedures are all the materials will be gathered. Leaves will be pounded . Pounded leaves of Malunggay will be extracted. The extract will be boiled. Boiled extract will then be cooled. The boiled extract will be put in a sterilized small bottle/container for storage /preservation. The product will then be applied to an open wound with the use of cotton. I therefore conclude that the malunggay leaves can be a substitute medicine in curing open wounds but its odor matters. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Malunggay grows very wildly in hot tropical climate and it is mainly found in the Philippines. It is best known as an excellent source of nutrition and a natural energy booster. Loaded with nutrients, vitamins and amino acids;it replenishes our body and provides what we need to get through a hectic weekday or active weekend. Malunggay has leaves and seeds (small); and both of them can produce extracts. Malunggay leaves extract can be use in many ways, it can be use in curing illnesses and even in curing open wounds; or it can be use as a substitute medicine in curing open wounds. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the feasibility of malunggay leaves extract as a substitute medicine in curing open wounds. Specifically, it anwers the following questions: 1. Is there any feasibility of using fresh malunggay leaves extract as a substitute medicine in curing open wounds? 2. IS there any significant difference of the fresh malunggay leaves extract to the commercial one? Hypotheses The following guides the researcher to answer the problem stated above: 1. There is a feasibility of using fresh malunggay leaves extract as a substitute medicine in curing open wounds. 2. There is a significant difference/ different of the fresh malunggay leaves extract to the commercial one. Significance of the Study This study aims to prove the basic information of the feasibility of using fresh malunggay leaves extract as a substitute medicine in curing open wounds. The researcher brings out the present relevance of our human resources; talent,abilities and potentiality to those who are in doubt; as the commercial one. In this study many people will be benefited especially to those who cant afford expensive medicines in curing open wounds; and this study can also be a big help to those people who has a lot of malunggay plant in their yards. And we must know how to use our nature very well because it is only for our own good. Scope and Limitation This study focuses only to the efficiency of the fresh malunggay leaves extract as a substitute medicine in curing open wounds. In this manner, it is cheaper compare to the commercial one. Definition of Terms * hectic- wild, confusing * booster- push up Chapter III Methodology Procedure: All the materials will be gathered . Leaves will be pounded. Pounded leaves of Malunggay will be extracted. The extract will be boiled. Boiled extract will then be cooled. The boiled extract will be put in a sterilized small bottle/container for storage /preservation. The product will then be applied to an open wound with the use of cotton. CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Day Appearance Smell 1 (2/15/08) Light green pungent 2(2/16/08) Tiny bubbles were starting to form and the color remains the same pungent 3(2/17/08) soft pungent 4(2/18/08) Bubbles disappear pungent 5(2/19/08) Starts becoming hard pungent 6(2/20/08) harder pungent 7(2/21/08) Fine and ready to use CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION CONCLUSION I, the researcher therefore conclude that the malunggay leaves can be a substitute medicine in curing open wounds but its odor matters. RECOMMENDATION The researcher recommends the product’s odor to be improved in order to make the people more interested to use it. And further study about malunggay leaves to be more useful in our country.