Assess the View That Religious Beliefs and Practices Are...

Assess the view that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice. Current religious beliefs and practices are very different in Britain from 100 years ago. No longer do the masses attend the established church, attendance is down to 6% of the population and the 2001 Census identified 170 distinct religions in Britain. 72% claim to be Christian but less than half of the population believe in God and only 18% claim to be a practicing member of an organised religion. Clearly today’s patterns are very different from those of the past. How then to explain them? There are two fields of thought here. Secularists take the simple opinion: lack of attendance and reduction of belief means a†¦show more content†¦Lyon, a postmodernist, supports the idea that traditional religion is giving way to a variety of new religious beliefs and practices because we are living in a postmodern society. In this society globalisation, the increased importance of the media and communications and the growth of consumerism all create a new era of diversity and choice in all aspects of life. Lyon demonstrates how these have affected religion. We are now exposed to a wider range of religious ideas than ever before and these have become ‘disembedded’ from their original local contexts so we can now adapt ideas and beliefs to suit our own purposes. Much new religious belief is simply a watered down version of Eastern religions, adapted to sui t Western tastes. Practice of worship is also different because it is no longer necessary to attend a local church. Instead the ‘electronic church’ on the internet and televangelism allow us to stay at home. However, if it is difficult to get convincing statistics of how many people attend church and what effect this has on them, it is even more difficult to research the numbers involved in and the influence of this new form of worship. The very diversity of religions on offer forces a change in religious belief. People become sceptical that any one religion can offerShow MoreRelatedAre Religious Beliefs and Practices Changing to Reflect a New Era of Diversity and Choice?1734 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Assess the view that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice. In the recent years there has been evidence to support that religious activity and religious beliefs are declining in the UK e.g. the rise of new religious movements such as Jehovah’s witnesses (sect), but some sociologists reject this and say that religion isn’t declining it is just changing to fit into a more increasingly changing society. Davie is one of these sociologists; inRead MoreCultural Anthropology6441 Words   |  26 Pagesand beliefs related to art, leisure, and play. - linked to other cultural domains such as: Exchange: pot latching art and dance, Bodily modification. Decorations, tattoos Religion: clothing, practices, etc. What is Art? Art is application of imagination, skill and style to matters movement, and sound that goes beyond the purely practical. * High art= in a museum * Low art= graffiti Who decides: What is Art? 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A recent national initiative has been the creation of FOCUS schools. These specialise

Essay about Christopher Columbus Hero or Villain

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout all of our years that we are taught about world history, we are led to believe that Columbus was one of the greatest explorers of all time. In my mind there is no question about whether Christopher Columbus discovered America; of course he did, its Columbus! However, this is a highly debated issue and through writings by authors Jeffery Hart and James W. Loewen we will investigate the true importance of Columbus. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the essay written by Jeffrey Hart entitled, â€Å"Discovering Columbus†, he argues strongly that, in fact, Columbus did discover America. He starts off by describing Columbus as â€Å"a genuine titan, a hero of history and of the human spirit.† He goes on to say†¦show more content†¦He was the one who started the westward movement and describes the â€Å"garbage can philosophers† that put him down as â€Å"sour enemies of human aspiration.† â€Å"To denigrate Columbus is to denigrate what is worthy in human history and in us all†. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Conversely, James W. Loewen, who did extensive research of high school history lessons to write his book Lies my Teacher Told Me, feels Columbus wasn’t really as great as he is made out to be. Loewen writes, â€Å"The history books make up all kinds of details to tell a better story and to humanize Columbus so that readers will identify with him† (38). Just as Hart pushes the idea that Columbus made a great new discovery finding the Americas, Loewen argues that â€Å"Columbus’s voyage was not the first, but the last discovery† (39). His importance has to do with the changes that were made in Europe and not having â€Å"discovered new land†. People from other continents had gone to America long before 1492. â€Å"Daring sailors reached America in a series of voyages across the North Atlantic, establishing communities on the Faeroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland. The Norse colony on Greenland lasted five hundred years (982-c .1500)†. Loewen further goes on to argue against Hart on the issue of the Turks and their supposed land route control and describes the claims as a â€Å"falsehood†. Loewen also points out the several times Christianity is used as an excuseShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus : Hero Or Villain?884 Words   |  4 PagesRian White Crawford 3rd Christopher Columbus: Hero or Villain? In elementary school students are taught that Christopher Columbus is some godly hero who discovered that the earth was round and a shorter route to â€Å"Asia†. They even have a day dedicated to him. Typically, children are gullible and just believe what they are taught, rather than actually researching and learning the history on their own. As a child one’s brain is not developed enough to possess a sense of moral discernment. Also, childrenRead MoreChristopher Columbus Hero Or Villain1658 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Columbus is an internationally celebrated explorer, due to his voyages to Central America during the Age of Discovery, a period between 15th and 16th centuries where explorers would be supported by countries to claim land. Columbus was an Italian explorer, on a conquest for gold and riches, who was sponsored by the monarchs of Spain, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, to travel to Southern Asia. Columbus proposed the idea of traveling from East to West, rather than travelingRead MoreChristopher Columbus: Villain or Hero? Essay458 Words   |  2 PagesIn 1492, Christopher Columbus unintentionally discovered America, when he landed in the Caribbean Islands, while looking for a direct sea route to Asia. Despite the fact that Columbus believed he had found a direct sea route to India, he has been called the discoverer of America and hailed as a hero. More recently, however, he has been called a villain, with accusations saying that not only did he not discover America, but also that he was the cause of slavery and oppression in the Americas. TheseRead MoreResearch Paper - Is Christopher Columbus a Hero or Villain2022 Words   |  9 PagesChristopher Columbus found a new world and jumpstarted an age of exploration like no other. After he found the Americas there was massive colonization, giant trade increases and more resources such as gold and silver were being surfaced. Europeans learned new agricultural technique s from the indigenous people, the Europeans also acquired a large number of new crops to farm such as potatoes, tomatoes, corn and cocoa. With all of the pros that the age of exploration brought to Europeans it is hardRead MoreEssay on Christopher Columbus: Villain or Hero?1521 Words   |  7 Pagesmore than five centuries Americans have lifted Christopher Columbus to heights of greatness and god-like. We celebrate his life as though he was a man that had done us a great favor. In resent years Christopher Columbus has come under scrutiny, his life and works being questioned more than celebrated. There have be many great men and women that contributed to the building of our great nation but they do not receive anywhere as much recognition as Columbus. When a person begins to study the actual accountsRead MoreChristopher Columbus: Hero or Villain? Essay1788 Words   |  8 Pages School taught us about the infamous Christopher Columbus who was known as the hero who found the Amer icas in 1492, but is that the truth? Is Columbus really the hero that grade school portrayed him to be? Columbus was not. Columbus was a greedy man who destroyed an entire race of people with genocide just so only he could benefit and become a man of money and power. Columbus was a very good speaker and very persuasive. He convinced the King and Queen of Spain to fund his expedition to â€Å"Asia†Read MoreChristopher Columbus was not the First to Discover America Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesPeople argue that Christopher Columbus was the first to find America, but other people argue that the Native Americans were the first ones in America. In 1492 Christopher Columbus voyages from spain to the Americas not knowing what was there. So was Christopher Columbus the first one to find out about America? Would he be a hero or a villain for saying he did, or saying he did but actually didn’t and just wants to get the credit for it. Why people believed that he would be a hero is because, theyRead MoreThe Difference between Myth and Reality about Christopher Columbus606 Words   |  3 Pages Christopher Columbus is a name known to nearly every American that has ever had an elementary education. He is imagined as the brave explorer that against all odds prevailed in his belief of a round earth. Credited with the discovery of America, Columbus has a holiday and even the Nation’s capitol and a powerful Catholic service organization are named after him. What isn’t as well known is the dark side of his arrival to the New World. Though he did make the first steps in founding modern AmericaRead MoreAnother Side of Christopher Columbus Essay755 Words   |  4 Pagesmainland-America. These people could rightly be called Native Americans/Indians. However primitive these people were, they were very organized. In a much busier world (Spain), lived a very adventurous, religious, and loyal man named Christopher Columbus. Born in Genoa, Italy, Christopher Columbus was the son of a very skilled weaver. He was an expert sailor, thus earning the title of â€Å"Admiral of the Ocean Sea† for himself after his successful expeditions. He had a favorite ship, Santa Maria although he had twoRead MoreChristopher Columbus As A Hero1211 Words   |  5 Pagescelebrate Columbus Day; whether Christopher Columbus, the man with a holiday named after him, the man who â€Å"discovered† America, was really hero. There are people who claim that Columbus was, in fact, someone to be celebrated. This is false. Christopher Columbus was, most blatantly put, a villain. He deserves this status because he did not discover the land now known as America, he forced his beliefs onto others, and he utterly destroyed the lives of unknowing, innocent people. Christopher Columbus is mainly

Healthcare And Coranare Heart Disease Essay Research free essay sample

Healthcare And Coranare Heart Disease Essay, Research Paper Coronary Heart disease is a disease where the coronary arterias that supply blood to the bosom become blocked. The obstruction is in the signifier of a blood coagulum that can barricade a per centum of all five arterias. Cholesterol deposits cause this obstruction. This fact has allowed physicians to find that diet has a important function in who develops this disease. People # 8217 ; s diets are affected by their economic category and by other societal factors. The hapless of our state by and large eat repasts that contain high fat and cholesterin. Their diet puts them at higher hazard. However, the hazard is non significantly higher because of the high sum of fleshy people in America, which span all economic groups. Exercise is another of import factor. The more exercising people get the lower the hazard of bosom disease. Part of the ground for this is the fact that people that exercise tend to hold more healthy life styles, which include lower degrees of intoxicant usage and lower fat diets. My stepfather had coronary bosom disease. He talked about it freely before he passed off. Over the class of 10 old ages he had two ternary beltway surgeries. He believed he contracted the disease due to hapless diet, smoke and a household history of the disease. Throughout the full clip his mentality remained really positive. There were several dramatic alterations that the disease caused. He quit smoke after the first bosom onslaught. On the first twelvemonth after surgery many things went on like they had before the surgery. Family activities didn t alteration much. The lone noticeable difference was the fact that he quit smoke. Each twelvemonth, 900,000 people in the United States have a bosom onslaught. Of these, approximately 225,000 dices, including 125,000 who die before of all time acquiring any medical attending. But progresss in intervention have meant that even more victims can last and travel on to populate normal, healthy lives ( www.intellihealth.com ) Even with these new interventions the disease is a slayer. Doctors have found ways to widen the life of people with the disease, but they have non found a manner to wholly bring around the disease. Once people contract Coronary Heart disease they finally die from holding it. When looked at across the population, Heart disease is perchance the most expensive disease. The AHA estimates the cost of cardiovascular diseases and shot in 1999 at $ 286.5 billion. This figure includes direct costs, which include the cost of doctors and other professionals, infirmary and nursing place services, the cost of medicines, place wellness and other medical durable goodss and lost productiveness ensuing from morbidity and mortality ( indirect costs ) . ( www.americanheart.org ) This immense cost is big fiscal load. A per centum of these costs could be avoided if Americans would take to populate more healthy life styles. Harmonizing to 1996 estimations 58,800,000 Americans has one or more signifiers of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . ( www.americanheart.org ) . This high figure of people with bosom disease is traveling to take to even higher cost in the hereafter. Furthermore, the ripening of the population is traveling to set a immense strain on the already overtaxed Med icare and Medicaid system. This disease is a slayer and there are a great figure of things that can be pointed to that cause it. Overall, we can better our odds of endurance by non smoking and populating healthy life styles. However, all of us will non be able to avoid the disease. The fact that so many people have the disease and the fact that so much money is spent on the disease has caused drug companies and private groups to do great promotions in the diagnosing and intervention of the disease. Coronary bosom disease has several degrees of badness. These changing degrees of badness have caused the development of several interventions for bosom disease. There are three chief types of intervention that go along with altering diet wonts and increased exercising. The three chief interventions are open-heart surgery, balloon angioplasty, and stinting, which can be subsequent to the angioplasty. Balloon angioplasty is the procedure of lapthroscopacly traveling into the venas and blow uping a little balloon to force open the obstructions. The usage of stentscan semen after this process. # 8221 ; Stents are scaffolding devices that maintain vessel patency after an interventional process, normally balloon angioplasty. Coronary stenting is now used in more than 50 % of patients undergoing nonsurgical myocardial revascularization. [ 1 ] It is considered a everyday adjunct to coronary angioplasty # 8221 ; ( Saunders ) . Doctors have several techniques that they use to find which process to utilize for intervention. One of the most common is the arteriogram. This process allows the physicians to find the degree of obstruction in the coronary arterias. Nurses besides perform some diagnostic processs. An echocardiogram is a procedure that images the bosom construction and the bloodflow through the valves. This process is an inevasive process that doesn t require any particular conditions. It is non possible to see the obstruction with this process ; nevertheless, it is possible to see the consequence of obstruction. Managed attention and other economic factors have caused patients to hold long holds in waiting for diagnostic trials to be run. One ground for this is that, Over the past two decennaries at that place has been an exponential addition in the usage of all cardiovascular diagnostic and curative processs, particularly coronary angiography. These trials represent a big cost to managed attention companies. Some believe that managed attention companies are more concerned with their net incomes. Net incomes are based on pricing, and pricing is in portion determined by benchmarks for certain processs. The undermentioned chart contains Benchmark monetary values, DRG Numberss, Average Length of Stay and cost information for several processs ( www.mecqa.com ) . Forte DRG Description ALOS Benchmark THORACIC Surgery 104 CARDIAC VALVE PROCEDURES W CARDIAC CATH 9.9 $ 29,857.84 THORACIC Surgery 105 CARDIAC VALVE PROCEDURES W/O CARDIAC CATH 7.9 $ 23,410.59 THORACIC Surgery 106 CORONARY BYPASS W CARDIAC CATH 9.10 $ 30,212.90 THORACIC Surgery 107 CORONARY BYPASS W/O CARDIAC CATH 9.50 $ 22,562.30 THORACIC Surgery 108 OTHER CARDIOTHORACIC PROCEDURES 8.60 $ 24,503.24 THORACIC Surgery 111 MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR PROCEDURES W/O CC 5.1 $ 9,101.59 THORACIC SURGERY 110 MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR PROCEDURES W CC 7.4 $ 17,015.00 Suppliers that are members in managed attention webs are held to the above monetary values. If the can execute the intervention for less than the benchmark they keep the difference as net income. If they are unable to supply the service for that monetary value, they must book a loss for that process. The monetary values are dictated by the webs non the infirmaries. So, in consequence, insurance companies determine what intervention we get. This job is of peculiar importance to the heart specialists, which are the primary doctors for bosom jobs. They have to give diagnostic trials and execute surgeries in conformity with insurance company s policies. In add-on the drugs they prescribe must be approved for payment. There are several drugs used in the intervention of bosom disease. Doctors prescribe Valium for relaxation, blood dilutants, and alkalizers, anti rejection drugs are used in some fortunes. All these drugs are used in add-on to any that are needed for station operative complications. All the processs and all of the interventions can assist us last a bosom onslaught. However, we must take personal duty for maintaining ourselves healthy. All bosom intervention plans recommend that tobacco users stop smoke. In add-on, they suggest that diet and exercising besides contribute to endurance of coronary bosom disease. It is widely accepted that a taking a healthy life style is good for us. These lifestyle picks can consequence how long we live, and if the right determinations are made we can widen our lives. It is known that smoke has a direct relationship to bosom disease. Some surveies indicate that smoking doubles person s opportunity of holding bosom disease. Exercise is a great manner to maintain a organic structure healthy. Exercise strengthens the bosom and allows it to work more easy. Exercise promotes the development of little blood vass in your bosom musculus, increasing blood flow to the musculus. It besides improves the strength ( AOL..HEART ) . A healthy diet is a really import emmet in maintaining a bosom healthy. Saturated fat and cholesterin can do obstruction in the arterias and lead to bosom disease. The phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables may assist your bosom, excessively. Recent epidemiological surveies suggest that a diet rich in fruits and veggies consequences in a lowered hazard of cardiovascular disease that can’t be attributed to major macronutrients or known vitamins and minerals ( www.mayohealth.org/index.html ) . Unfortunately, many Americans do non follow healthy life styles. Over 33 % of Americans are considered corpulent ( www.coloradohealthnet.org ) . This fleshiness leads to high cholesterin, increased blood force per unit area, and can even do diabetes. As a society is seems that Americans have decided to populate the manner they want and to hell with what is good for us. The American Heart Association provides adequate free information, which if used decently, could drastically cut down the sum of bosom disease in this state. They give dietetic recommendations and nutrition information on merely about every type of nutrient. They besides spend 10s of 1000s of dollars each twelvemonth seeking to assist people halt smoke. Presently, there are no speedy holes for bosom disease. The lone true hole is bar, and unluckily most people won t work that hard to forestall it. All it takes is taking to populate a healthy life style. Once that lifestyle becomes a portion of person s life it can take clasp. Once that lifestyle becomes rooted in the individual, they frequently wonder what all the dither was about when they were seeking to make up ones mind and alter. Once a lifestyle becomes accustomed, you don t feel as though it is a forfeit to eat healthy. You merely eat healthy and don T even feel like eating oily nutrients. The same goes with exercising. Once person takes the clip to acquire into an exercising regiment they seldomly give it up to travel back to being a couch murphy. In add-on to the private sector, the authorities besides offers a batch of services and resources for people willing to utilize them. They offer the Healthy Heart Book for Women to assist allow adult females cognize that they are non immune to bosom disease. They besides sponsor the National Heart Attack Alert Program. The National Heart Attack Alert Program ( NHAAP ) was launched in June 1991 and is the newest of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute # 8217 ; s ( NHLBI ) national instruction plans. The NHAAP has the overall ends of, foremost, cut downing morbidity and mortality from AMI through rapid designation and intervention and, 2nd, rising the potency for an improved quality of life for patients and household members ( www.nhlbi.nih.gov/index.htm ) . Part of the ground for the authorities s involvement in people wellness is because they pay the largest part of the national wellness measure. If the authorities can cut down bosom disease by 10 per centum they can salvag e one million millions. This fiscal motivation has generated a batch of valuable free information on bosom disease. You can happen everything from research at their web site to a formula for Chicken Ratatouille. When looking at how establishments operate, the service provided and costs for those services are at the top of the list. Many infirmaries are general infirmaries. These infirmaries must look at a really broad assortment of costs and payment methods. One method of payment that is going more popular is the DRG. The Social Security Amendments of 1983 eliminated the retrospective cost-plus fixed fee reimbursement for Medicare and Medicaid patients. Alternatively, a prospective payment system based on a fixed monetary value per diagnosis-related group ( DRG ) was established for inmate services. Basically, a infirmary was paid a pre-established monetary value for a patient # 8217 ; s hospitalization based on that patient # 8217 ; s diagnosing ( Heater ) . DRG s have changed how infirmaries do concern. These DRG s have forced infirmaries to find how much it will be for them to execute the processs. The infirmaries that do non be out processs have no information on which to establish pricing constructions. Furthermore, DRG s have spread from Medicare and Medicaid into the managed wellness industry. This rapid growing has forced even more infirmaries to standardise some interventions. This causes a batch of clash between the doctors and the managed wellness companies because the doctors do non like giving up control of their patient s intervention. Managed attention companies negotiate contracts with infirmaries for the monetary values of the DRG s. Once these monetary values are determined they are included in the contract. The infirmary is responsible for doing a net income at those monetary values. One infirmary was sued to let go of the monetary values it negotiated with a managed attention company. ( Tammelleom ) The infirmary was finally required to unwrap it monetary values. Employers # 8217 ; compulsion with cut downing wellness attention cost at the disbursal of medical quality has created a dysfunctional wellness attention market, a adviser warns ( Hofmann ) . This sentiment is what physicians play on when reasoning against managed attention and this is what patients scream when they feel that they need to pass more clip in the infirmary with a job. The existent job is that the medical system is so large that it is impossible to repair. At least it is impossible to repair in a manner that will do everyone happy. The mission stated on the home page of the Baptist Health System begins, The Baptist Health System is an establishment dedicated to the Christian mission of supplying quality wellness attention to all individuals seeking medical attention, hospitalization and other wellness related services ( www.baptisthealthsystem.org ) . This type of mission is the typical type of mission provided by most infirmaries. They don t seem to advert that they are in the concern of doing money. And they don t reference that we are going Numberss to them non patients. They are concerned with our satisfaction and with their mortality rates, but overall infirmaries are in concern to do money. Baptist infirmary in Nashville still chiefly operates under fee for service. Very few of the doctors in the infirmary are associated with HMO s. The infirmaries see that as being something that will inevitable alteration over clip. They are cognizant that the doctors are immune to the thought, nevertheless, with current industry tendencies they are cognizant that it is something that is on the skyline. Baptist Hospital is presently labeled as a non for net income entity. They are presently spread outing do to their high tenancy degree. They are involved in regular infirmary attention. They besides have walk in clinics and they besides go out to the populace and work in place wellness attention. Baptist is committed to preventative attention. They host free clinics and showings, in add-on, to categories and siminars. This intense educational attempt is nil less than a citywide run to recommend the bar of disease through healthy lifestyle wonts and the early sensing and intervention of unwellnesss. ( Internet ) They believe that preventive medical specialty is non merely cheaper but that it makes for better and happier patients. Overall, the medical system in America has a batch of jobs. However, I will accept those jobs, because I know that if something is incorrect with me I can travel hold it fixed. Peace of head carries a batch of weight when we consider what to make with this monster of a system we created. Some say shrink it and some say that we should make away with all insurance and that we should socialise medical specialty. While others believe that we should coerce everyone into an HMO. I do non feign to cognize the replies to these jobs. I do non believe that anyone has the right reply. Finally possibly we will hold a Utopian society that has no usage for hard currency, but right now we don t. And every bit long as there are different groups contending for net income there will be a great argument as to what to make with our medical system. Mentions Heater, Barbara The current health care environment: who is the client? Nursing Forum, July-Sep 1996 v31 n3 p16 ( 6 ) . Hofmann, Mark # 8216 ; Cost over quality # 8217 ; an expensive policy, Business Insurance, April 28, 1997 v31 n17 p49 ( 1 ) . Saunders, # 8220 ; The turning function of stents in coronary arteria disease. # 8221 ; , Patient Care, May 30, 1999 v33 i10 p43 Tammelleom, David, Public infirmary forced to unwrap pricing agreements with HMO. The Regan Report on Hospital Law, March 1997 v37 n10 p1 ( 1 ) . www.mecqa.com MECQA ( Medical Cost and Quality Assurance ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mayohealth.org/index.htm Mayo Clinic Health Oasis www.coloradohealthnet.org Colorado Health Net hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhlbi.nih.gov/index.htm National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute www.ama-assn.org/med-sci/amapsite/index.htm American Medical Accredation Plan www.baptisthealthsystem.org Baptist Health System